The Covert Communications of Pius VII—How the Paris and Lyon Sodalities Changed History
On July 6, 1808, by Napoleon’s orders, French soldiers arrested Pius VII. They took the Pontiff to Savona, a Ligurian city near Genoa. The Papal Secretary of State Cardinal Bartholomeo Pacca, detained on the same occasion, was imprisoned in the Fenestrelle Fortress, near Turin, roughly eighty-five miles from Savona. Napoleon’s motive was … Read more