Even at the Risk of Official Suppression, L’Univers Exposes the French Empire’s Anti-Papal Policies

Even at the Risk of Official Suppression, L’Univers Exposes the French Empire’s Anti-Papal Policies

Napoleon III’s political reversal, which supported the Italian revolutionaries, was carefully prepared in secrecy. At the same time, articles in government newspapers gradually shaped public opinion to accept that radical change. Two episodes suffice to show the Emperor’s disloyalty toward Pope Pius IX. In 1859, an anonymous book titled Emperor Napoleon III … Read more

Father Dupanloup Engineers the Victory of Liberal French Catholicism

Father Dupanloup Engineers the Victory of Liberal French Catholicism

As Minister of Public Instruction, Frédéric Alfred Pierre, Count de Falloux showed the full measure of his political value. Alexis de Tocqueville was utterly indifferent to de Falloux’s ideological orientation. Émile Oliver openly disliked him. Yet, sboth men were profoundly impressed by his abilities. De Tocqueville stated: “Whoever has not seen de … Read more